C++
A dbg(…) macro for C++

dbg(…)

A macro for printf-style debugging fans.

Debuggers are great. But sometimes you just don't have the time and nerve to set up everything correctly and just want a quick way to inspect some values at runtime.

This projects provides a single header file with a dbg(…) macro that can be used in all circumstances where you would typically write printf("…", …) or std::cout << …, but with a few extras.

Examples

#include <vector>
#include <dbg.h>

// You can use "dbg(..)" in expressions:
int factorial(int n) {
  if (dbg(n <= 1)) {
    return dbg(1);
  } else {
    return dbg(n * factorial(n - 1));
  }
}

int main() {
  std::string message = "hello";
  dbg(message);  // [example.cpp:15 (main)] message = "hello" (std::string)

  const int a = 2;
  const int b = dbg(3 * a) + 1;  // [example.cpp:18 (main)] 3 * a = 6 (int)

  std::vector<int> numbers{b, 13, 42};
  dbg(numbers);  // [example.cpp:21 (main)] numbers = {7, 13, 42} (size: 3) (std::vector<int>)

  dbg("this line is executed");  // [example.cpp:23 (main)] this line is executed

  factorial(4);

  return 0;
}

The code above produces this output (try it yourself):

Features

• Easy to read, colorized output (colors auto-disable when the output is not an interactive terminal)
• Prints file name, line number, function name and the original expression
• Adds type information for the printed-out value
• Specialized pretty-printers for containers, pointers, string literals, enums, std::optional, etc.
• Can be used inside expressions
• The dbg.h header issues a compiler warning when included (so you don't forget to remove).
• C++11 compatible

Installation

To make this actually usable, the dbg.h header should to be available from all kinds of different places and in all kinds of environments. The quick & dirty way is to actually copy the header file to /usr/include or to clone the repository and symlink dbg.h to /usr/include/dbg.h.

git clone https://github.com/sharkdp/dbg-macro
sudo ln -s $(readlink -f dbg-macro/dbg.h) /usr/include/dbg.h

Ideally, if this turns out to be a good idea, we would ship packages for various distributions so you don't have to make untracked changes to your filesystem.

Configuration

• Set the DBG_MACRO_DISABLE flag to disable the dbg(…) macro (i.e. to make it a no-op).
• Set the DBG_MACRO_NO_WARNING flag to disable the "'dbg.h' header is included in your code base" warnings.

Customization

If you want dbg(…) to work for your custom datatype, you can simply overload operator<< for std::ostream&:

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const user_defined_type& v) {
  out << "…";
  return out;
}

If you want to modify the type name that is printed by dbg(…), you can add a custom get_type_name overload:

// Customization point for type information
namespace dbg_macro {
    std::string get_type_name(type_tag<bool>) {
        return "truth value";
    }
}

Acknowledgement

This project is inspired by Rusts dbg!(…) macro.