protocol CanBeOpened {
    func open()
}

protocol CanBeClosed {
    func close()
}

// I'm the door. I have an encapsulated state and you can change it using methods.
final class PodBayDoor: CanBeOpened, CanBeClosed {

    private enum State {
        case Open
        case Closed
    }

    private var state: State = .Closed

    func open() {
        state = .Open
    }

    func close() {
        state = .Closed
    }
}

// I'm only responsible for opening, no idea what's inside or how to close.
class DoorOpener {
    let door: CanBeOpened

    init(door: CanBeOpened) {
        self.door = door
    }

    func execute() {
        door.open()
    }
}

// I'm only responsible for closing, no idea what's inside or how to open.
class DoorCloser {
    let door: CanBeClosed

    init(door: CanBeClosed) {
        self.door = door
    }

    func execute() {
        door.close()
    }
}

let door = PodBayDoor()

let doorOpener = DoorOpener(door: door)
doorOpener.execute()

let doorCloser = DoorCloser(door: door)
doorCloser.execute()

protocol CanShoot {
    func shoot() -> String
}

// I'm a laser beam. I can shoot.
final class LaserBeam: CanShoot {
    func shoot() -> String {
        return "Ziiiiiip!"
    }
}

// I have weapons and trust me I can fire them all at once. Boom! Boom! Boom!
final class WeaponsComposite {

    let weapons: [CanShoot]

    init(weapons: [CanShoot]) {
        self.weapons = weapons
    }

    func shoot() -> [String] {
        return weapons.map { $0.shoot() }
    }
}

let laser = LaserBeam()
var weapons = WeaponsComposite(weapons: [laser])

weapons.shoot()

final class RocketLauncher: CanShoot {
    func shoot() -> String {
        return "Whoosh!"
    }
}

let rocket = RocketLauncher()

weapons = WeaponsComposite(weapons: [laser, rocket])
weapons.shoot()

let requestKey: NSString = "NSURLRequestKey"

// I'm a NSError subclass. I provide additional functionality but don't mess with original ones.
class RequestError: NSError {

    var request: NSURLRequest? {
        return self.userInfo[requestKey] as? NSURLRequest
    }
}

// I fail to fetch data and will return RequestError.
func fetchData(request: NSURLRequest) -> (data: NSData?, error: RequestError?) {

    let userInfo: [NSObject:AnyObject] = [ requestKey : request ]

    return (nil, RequestError(domain:"DOMAIN", code:0, userInfo: userInfo))
}

// I don't know what RequestError is and will fail and return a NSError.
func willReturnObjectOrError() -> (object: AnyObject?, error: NSError?) {

    let request = NSURLRequest()
    let result = fetchData(request)

    return (result.data, result.error)
}

let result = willReturnObjectOrError()

// Ok. This is a perfect NSError instance from my perspective.
let error: Int? = result.error?.code

// But hey! What's that? It's also a RequestError! Nice!
if let requestError = result.error as? RequestError {
    requestError.request
}

// I have a landing site.
protocol LandingSiteHaving {
    var landingSite: String { get }
}

// I can land on LandingSiteHaving objects.
protocol Landing {
    func landOn(on: LandingSiteHaving) -> String
}

// I have payload.
protocol PayloadHaving {
    var payload: String { get }
}

// I can fetch payload from vehicle (ex. via Canadarm).
final class InternationalSpaceStation {

    func fetchPayload(vehicle: PayloadHaving) -> String {
        return "Deployed \(vehicle.payload) at April 10, 2016, 11:23 UTC"
    }
}

// I'm a barge - I have landing site (well, you get the idea).
final class OfCourseIStillLoveYouBarge: LandingSiteHaving {
    let landingSite = "a barge on the Atlantic Ocean"
}

// I have payload and can land on things having landing site.
// I'm a very limited Space Vehicle, I know.
final class SpaceXCRS8: Landing, PayloadHaving {

    let payload = "BEAM and some Cube Sats"

    func landOn(on: LandingSiteHaving) -> String {
        return "Landed on \(on.landingSite) at April 8, 2016 20:52 UTC"
    }
}

let crs8 = SpaceXCRS8()
let barge = OfCourseIStillLoveYouBarge()
let spaceStation = InternationalSpaceStation()

spaceStation.fetchPayload(crs8)
crs8.landOn(barge)

protocol TimeTraveling {
    func travelInTime(time: NSTimeInterval) -> String
}

final class DeLorean: TimeTraveling {
    func travelInTime(time: NSTimeInterval) -> String {
        return "Used Flux Capacitor and travelled in time by: \(time)s"
    }
}

final class EmmettBrown {
    private let timeMachine: TimeTraveling

    init(timeMachine: TimeTraveling) {
        self.timeMachine = timeMachine
    }

    func travelInTime(time: NSTimeInterval) -> String {
        return timeMachine.travelInTime(time)
    }
}

let timeMachine = DeLorean()

let mastermind = EmmettBrown(timeMachine: timeMachine)
mastermind.travelInTime(-3600 * 8760)