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man-group / dtale

воскресенье, 23 февраля 2020 г. в 00:20:13

JavaScript
Flask/React client for visualizing pandas data structures

What is it?

D-Tale is the combination of a Flask back-end and a React front-end to bring you an easy way to view & analyze Pandas data structures. It integrates seamlessly with ipython notebooks & python/ipython terminals. Currently this tool supports such Pandas objects as DataFrame, Series, MultiIndex, DatetimeIndex & RangeIndex.

Origins

D-Tale was the product of a SAS to Python conversion. What was originally a perl script wrapper on top of SAS's insight function is now a lightweight web client on top of Pandas data structures.

Getting Started

PyCharm	jupyter

Installing the egg

# install dtale egg (important to use the "--upgrade" every time you install so it will grab the latest version)
$ pip install --upgrade dtale

Now you will have the ability to use D-Tale from the command-line or within a python-enabled terminal

Python Terminal

This comes courtesy of PyCharm Feel free to invoke python or ipython directly and use the commands in the screenshot above and it should work

Issues With Windows Firewall

If you run into issues with viewing D-Tale in your browser on Windows please try making Python public under "Allowed Apps" in your Firewall configuration. Here is a nice article: How to Allow Apps to Communicate Through the Windows Firewall

Additional functions available programatically

import dtale
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame([dict(a=1,b=2,c=3)])

# Assigning a reference to a running D-Tale process
d = dtale.show(df)

# Accessing data associated with D-Tale process
tmp = d.data.copy()
tmp['d'] = 4

# Altering data associated with D-Tale process
# FYI: this will clear any front-end settings you have at the time for this process (filter, sorts, formatting)
d.data = tmp

# Shutting down D-Tale process
d.kill()

# using Python's `webbrowser` package it will try and open your server's default browser to this process
d.open_browser()

# There is also some helpful metadata about the process
d._data_id  # the process's data identifier
d._url  # the url to access the process

d2 = dtale.get_instance(d._data_id)  # returns a new reference to the instance running at that data_id

dtale.instances()  # returns a dictionary of all instances available, this would be { 1: ... }

Duplicate data check

To help guard against users loading the same data to D-Tale multiple times and thus eating up precious memory, we have a loose check for duplicate input data. The check runs the following:

Are row & column count the same as a previously loaded piece of data?
Are the names and order of columns the same as a previously loaded piece of data?

If both these conditions are true then you will be presented with an error and a link to the previously loaded data. Here is an example of how the interaction looks:

Jupyter Notebook

Within any jupyter (ipython) notebook executing a cell like this will display a small instance of D-Tale in the output cell. Here are some examples:

`dtale.show`	assignment	instance

If you are running ipython<=5.0 then you also have the ability to adjust the size of your output cell for the most recent instance displayed:

One thing of note is that a lot of the modal popups you see in the standard browser version will now open separate browser windows for spacial convienence:

Column Menus	Correlations	Describe	Histogram	Instances

Command-line

Base CLI options (run dtale --help to see all options available)

Prop	Description
`--host`	the name of the host you would like to use (most likely not needed since `socket.gethostname()` should figure this out)
`--port`	the port you would like to assign to your D-Tale instance
`--name`	an optional name you can assign to your D-Tale instance (this will be displayed in the `<title>` & Instances popup)
`--debug`	turn on Flask's "debug" mode for your D-Tale instance
`--no-reaper`	flag to turn off auto-reaping subprocess (kill D-Tale instances after an hour of inactivity), good for long-running displays
`--open-browser`	flag to automatically open up your server's default browser to your D-Tale instance
`--force`	flag to force D-Tale to try an kill any pre-existing process at the port you've specified so it can use it

Loading data from arctic(high performance datastore for pandas dataframes)

dtale --arctic-host mongodb://localhost:27027 --arctic-library jdoe.my_lib --arctic-node my_node --arctic-start 20130101 --arctic-end 20161231

Loading data from CSV

dtale --csv-path /home/jdoe/my_csv.csv --csv-parse_dates date

Loading data from JSON

dtale --json-path /home/jdoe/my_json.json --json-parse_dates date

dtale --json-path http://json-endpoint --json-parse_dates date

Loading data from a Custom loader

Using the DTALE_CLI_LOADERS environment variable, specify a path to a location containing some python modules
Any python module containing the global variables LOADER_KEY & LOADER_PROPS will be picked up as a custom loader
- LOADER_KEY: the key that will be associated with your loader. By default you are given arctic & csv (if you use one of these are your key it will override these)
- LOADER_PROPS: the individual props available to be specified.
  - For example, with arctic we have host, library, node, start & end.
  - If you leave this property as an empty list your loader will be treated as a flag. For example, instead of using all the arctic properties we would simply specify --arctic (this wouldn't work well in arctic's case since it depends on all those properties)
You will also need to specify a function with the following signature def find_loader(kwargs) which returns a function that returns a dataframe or None
Here is an example of a custom loader:

from dtale.cli.clickutils import get_loader_options

'''
  IMPORTANT!!! This global variable is required for building any customized CLI loader.
  When find loaders on startup it will search for any modules containing the global variable LOADER_KEY.
'''
LOADER_KEY = 'testdata'
LOADER_PROPS = ['rows', 'columns']


def test_data(rows, columns):
    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    import random
    from past.utils import old_div
    from pandas.tseries.offsets import Day
    from dtale.utils import dict_merge
    import string

    now = pd.Timestamp(pd.Timestamp('now').date())
    dates = pd.date_range(now - Day(364), now)
    num_of_securities = max(old_div(rows, len(dates)), 1)  # always have at least one security
    securities = [
        dict(security_id=100000 + sec_id, int_val=random.randint(1, 100000000000),
             str_val=random.choice(string.ascii_letters) * 5)
        for sec_id in range(num_of_securities)
    ]
    data = pd.concat([
        pd.DataFrame([dict_merge(dict(date=date), sd) for sd in securities])
        for date in dates
    ], ignore_index=True)[['date', 'security_id', 'int_val', 'str_val']]

    col_names = ['Col{}'.format(c) for c in range(columns)]
    return pd.concat([data, pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(len(data), columns), columns=col_names)], axis=1)


# IMPORTANT!!! This function is required for building any customized CLI loader.
def find_loader(kwargs):
    test_data_opts = get_loader_options(LOADER_KEY, kwargs)
    if len([f for f in test_data_opts.values() if f]):
        def _testdata_loader():
            return test_data(int(test_data_opts.get('rows', 1000500)), int(test_data_opts.get('columns', 96)))

        return _testdata_loader
    return None

In this example we simplying building a dataframe with some dummy data based on dimensions specified on the command-line:

--testdata-rows
--testdata-columns

Here's how you would use this loader:

DTALE_CLI_LOADERS=./path_to_loaders bash -c 'dtale --testdata-rows 10 --testdata-columns 5'

UI

Once you have kicked off your D-Tale session please copy & paste the link on the last line of output in your browser

Dimensions/Main Menu

The information in the upper right-hand corner gives grid dimensions

lower-left => row count
upper-right => column count
clicking the triangle displays the menu of standard functions (click outside menu to close it)

Main Menu Functions

Describe

View all the columns & their data types as well as individual details of each column

Data Type	Display	Notes
date
string		If you have less than or equal to 100 unique values they will be displayed at the bottom of your popup
int		Anything with standard numeric classifications (min, max, 25%, 50%, 75%) will have a nice boxplot with the mean (if it exists) displayed as an outlier if you look closely.
float

Filter

Apply a simple pandas query to your data (link to pandas documentation included in popup)

Context Variables are user-defined values passed in via the context_variables argument to dtale.show(); they can be referenced in filters by prefixing the variable name with '@'.

For example, here is how you can use context variables in a pandas query:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame([
  dict(name='Joe', age=7),
  dict(name='Bob', age=23),
  dict(name='Ann', age=45),
  dict(name='Cat', age=88),
])
two_oldest_ages = df['age'].nlargest(2)
df.query('age in @two_oldest_ages')

And here is how you would pass that context variable to D-Tale: dtale.show(df, context_variables=dict(two_oldest_ages=two_oldest_ages))

Editing	Result

FYI: For python 3 users, there is now support for filtering on column names with special characters in them (EX: 'a.b') 🤘

Charts

Build custom charts based off your data(powered by plotly/dash).

The Charts will open in a tab because of the fact there is so much functionality offered there you'll probably want to be able to reference the main grid data in the original tab
To build a chart you must pick a value for X & Y inputs which effectively drive what data is along the X & Y axes
- If you are working with a 3-Dimensional chart (heatmap, 3D Scatter, Surface) you'll need to enter a value for the Z axis as well
Once you have entered all the required axes a chart will be built
If your data along the x-axis (or combination of x & y in the case of 3D charts) has duplicates you have three options:
- Specify a group, which will create series for each group
- Specify an aggregation, you can choose from one of the following: Count, First, Last, Mean, Median, Minimum, Maximum, Standard Deviation, Variance, Mean Absolute Deviation, Product of All Items, Sum, Rolling
  - Specifying a "Rolling" aggregation will also require a Window & a Computation (Correlation, Count, Covariance, Kurtosis, Maximum, Mean, Median, Minimum, Skew, Standard Deviation, Sum or Variance)
  - For heatmaps you will also have access to the "Correlation" aggregation since viewing correlation matrices in heatmaps is very useful. This aggregation is not supported elsewhere
- Specify both a group & an aggregation
You now have the ability to toggle between different chart types: line, bar, pie, wordcloud, heatmap, 3D scatter & surface
If you have specified a group then you have the ability between showing all series in one chart and breaking each series out into its own chart "Chart per Group"

Here are some examples:

Chart Type	Chart	Chart per Group
line
bar
stacked
pie
wordcloud
heatmap
3D scatter
surface

Selecting multiple columns for the Y-Axis will produce similar results to grouping in the sense that the chart will contain multiple series, but the difference is that for each column there will be a different Y-Axis associated with it in case the values contained within each column are on different scales.

Multi Y-Axis	Editing Axis Ranges

With a bar chart that only has a single Y-Axis you have the ability to sort the bars based on the values for the Y-Axis

Pre-sort	Post-sort

This is a very powerful feature with many more features that could be offered (linked subplots, different statistical aggregations, etc...) so please submit issues :)

If you miss the legacy (non-plotly/dash) charts, not to worry! They are still available from the link in the upper-right corner, but on for a limited time... Here is the documentation for those: Legacy Charts

Correlations

Shows a pearson correlation matrix of all numeric columns against all other numeric columns

By default, it will show a grid of pearson correlations (filtering available by using drop-down see 2nd table of screenshots)
If you have a date-type column, you can click an individual cell and see a timeseries of pearson correlations for that column combination
- Currently if you have multiple date-type columns you will have the ability to toggle between them by way of a drop-down
Furthermore, you can click on individual points in the timeseries to view the scatter plot of the points going into that correlation

Matrix	Timeseries	Scatter

Col1 Filtered	Col2 Filtered	Col1 & Col2 Filtered

When the data being viewed in D-Tale has date or timestamp columns but for each date/timestamp vlaue there is only one row of data the behavior of the Correlations popup is a little different

Instead of a timeseries correlation chart the user is given a rolling correlation chart which can have the window (default: 10) altered
The scatter chart will be created when a user clicks on a point in the rollign correlation chart. The data displayed in the scatter will be for the ranges of dates involved in the rolling correlation for that date.

Data	Correlations

Heat Map

This will hide any non-float columns (with the exception of the index on the right) and apply a color to the background of each cell

Each float is renormalized to be a value between 0 and 1.0
Each renormalized value is passed to a color scale of red(0) - yellow(0.5) - green(1.0)

Turn off Heat Map by clicking menu option again

Instances

This will give you information about other D-Tale instances are running under your current Python process.

For example, if you ran the following script:

import pandas as pd
import dtale

dtale.show(pd.DataFrame([dict(foo=1, bar=2, biz=3, baz=4, snoopy_D_O_double_gizzle=5)]))
dtale.show(pd.DataFrame([
    dict(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4),
    dict(a=2, b=3, c=4, d=5),
    dict(a=3, b=4, c=5, d=6),
    dict(a=4, b=5, c=6, d=7)
]))
dtale.show(pd.DataFrame([range(6), range(6), range(6), range(6), range(6), range(6)]), name="foo")

This will make the Instances button available in all 3 of these D-Tale instances. Clicking that button while in the first instance invoked above will give you this popup:

The grid above contains the following information:

Process: timestamp when the process was started along with the name (if specified in dtale.show())
Rows: number of rows
Columns: number of columns
Column Names: comma-separated string of column names (only first 30 characters, hover for full listing)
Preview: this button is available any of the non-current instances. Clicking this will bring up left-most 5X5 grid information for that instance
The row highlighted in green signifys the current D-Tale instance
Any other row can be clicked to switch to that D-Tale instance

Here is an example of clicking the "Preview" button:

About

This will give you information about what version of D-Tale you're running as well as if its out of date to whats on PyPi.

Up To Date	Out Of Date

Resize

Mostly a fail-safe in the event that your columns are no longer lining up. Click this and should fix that

Shutdown

Pretty self-explanatory, kills your D-Tale session (there is also an auto-kill process that will kill your D-Tale after an hour of inactivity)

Column Menu Functions

Moving Columns

All column movements are saved on the server so refreshing your browser won't lose them 👌

Hiding Columns

All column movements are saved on the server so refreshing your browser won't lose them 👌

Building Columns

This video shows you how to build the following:

Numeric: adding/subtracting two columns or columns with static values
Bins: bucketing values using pandas cut & qcut as well as assigning custom labels
Dates: retrieving date properties (hour, weekday, month...) as well as conversions (month end)

Lock

Adds your column to "locked" columns

"locked" means that if you scroll horizontally these columns will stay pinned to the right-hand side
this is handy when you want to keep track of which date or security_id you're looking at
by default, any index columns on the data passed to D-Tale will be locked

Unlock

Removed column from "locked" columns

Sorting

Applies/removes sorting (Ascending/Descending/Clear) to the column selected

Important: as you add sorts they sort added will be added to the end of the multi-sort. For example:

Action	Sort
click "a"
sort asc	a (asc)
click "b"	a (asc)
sort desc	a (asc), b(desc)
click "a"	a (asc), b(desc)
sort None	b(desc)
sort desc	b(desc), a(desc)
click "X" on sort display

Formats

Apply simple formats to numeric values in your grid

Type	Editing	Result
Numeric
Date
String

Here's a grid of all the formats available with -123456.789 as input:

Format	Output
Precision (6)	-123456.789000
Thousands Sep	-123,456.789
Abbreviate	-123k
Exponent	-1e+5
BPS	-1234567890BPS
Red Negatives	-123457

Histogram

Display histograms in any number of bins (default: 20), simply type a new integer value in the bins input

Menu Functions Depending on Browser Dimensions

Depending on the dimensions of your browser window the following buttons will not open modals, but rather separate browser windows: Correlations, Describe & Instances (see images from Jupyter Notebook, also Charts will always open in a separate browser window)

For Developers

Cloning

Clone the code (git clone ssh://git@github.com:manahl/dtale.git), then start the backend server:

$ git clone ssh://git@github.com:manahl/dtale.git
# install the dependencies
$ python setup.py develop
# start the server
$ python dtale --csv-path /home/jdoe/my_csv.csv --csv-parse_dates date

You can also run dtale from PyDev directly.

You will also want to import javascript dependencies and build the source:

$ npm install
# 1) a persistent server that serves the latest JS:
$ npm run watch
# 2) or one-off build:
$ npm run build

Running tests

The usual npm test command works:

$ npm test

You can run individual test files:

$ TEST=static/__tests__/dtale/DataViewer-base-test.jsx npm run test-file

Linting

You can lint all the JS and CSS to confirm there's nothing obviously wrong with it:

$ npm run lint -s

You can also lint individual JS files:

$ npm run lint-js-file -s -- static/dtale/DataViewer.jsx

Formatting JS

You can auto-format code as follows:

$ npm run format

Docker Development

You can build python 27-3 & run D-Tale as follows:

$ yarn run build
$ docker-compose build dtale_2_7
$ docker run -it --network host dtale_2_7:latest
$ python
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([dict(a=1,b=2,c=3)])
>>> import dtale
>>> dtale.show(df)

Then view your D-Tale instance in your browser using the link that gets printed

You can build python 36-1 & run D-Tale as follows:

$ yarn run build
$ docker-compose build dtale_3_6
$ docker run -it --network host dtale_3_6:latest
$ python
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([dict(a=1,b=2,c=3)])
>>> import dtale
>>> dtale.show(df)