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A Deep Reinforcement Learning Library for Automated Stock Trading in Quantitative Finance

FinRL: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Library for Automated Stock Trading in Quantitative Finance

This repository refers to the codes for our paper that appears at Deep RL Workshop, NeurIPS 2020

Abstract

As deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been recognized as an effective approach in quantitative finance, getting hands-on experiences is attractive to beginners. However, to train a practical DRL trading agent that decides where to trade, at what price, and what quantity involves error-prone and arduous developmentand debugging.

In this paper, we introduce a DRL library FinRL that facilitates beginners to expose themselves to quantitative finance and to develop their own stock trading strategies. Along with easily-reproducible tutorials, FinRL library allows users to streamline their own developments and to compare with existing schemes easily. Within FinRL, virtual environments are configured with stock market datasets, trading agents are trained with neural networks, and extensive backtesting is analyzed via trading performance. Moreover, it incorporates important trading constraints such as transaction cost, market liquidity and the investor’s degree of risk-aversion.

FinRL is featured with completeness, hands-on tutorial and reproducibility that favors beginners: (i) at multiple levels of time granularity, FinRL simulates trading environments across various stock markets, including NASDAQ-100, DJIA, S&P 500, HSI, SSE 50, and CSI 300; (ii) organized in a layered architecture with modular structure, FinRL provides fine-tuned state-of-the-art DRL algorithms (DQN, DDPG, PPO, SAC, A2C, TD3, etc.), commonly-used reward functions and standard evaluation baselines to alleviate the debugging work-loads and promote the reproducibility, and (iii) being highly extendable, FinRL reserves a complete set of user-import interfaces.

Furthermore, we incorporated three application demonstrations, namely single stock trading, multiple stock trading, and portfolio allocation.

Guiding Principles

• Completeness. Our library shall cover components of the DRL framework completely, which is a fundamental requirement;
• Hands-on tutorials. We aim for a library that is friendly to beginners. Tutorials with detailed walk-through will help users to explore the functionalities of our library;
• Reproducibility. Our library shall guarantee reproducibility to ensure the transparency and also provide users with confidence in what they have done.

Architecture of the FinRL Library

• Three-layer architecture: The three layers of FinRL library are stock market environment, DRL trading agent, and stock trading applications. The agent layer interacts with the environment layer in an exploration-exploitation manner, whether to repeat prior working-well decisions or to make new actions hoping to get greater rewards. The lower layer provides APIs for the upper layer, making the lower layer transparent to the upper layer.
• Modularity: Each layer includes several modules and each module defines a separate function. One can select certain modules from any layer to implement his/her stock trading task. Furthermore, updating existing modules is possible.
• Simplicity, Applicability and Extendibility: Specifically designed for automated stock trading, FinRL presents DRL algorithms as modules. In this way, FinRL is made accessible yet not demanding. FinRL provides three trading tasks as use cases that can be easily reproduced. Each layer includes reserved interfaces that allow users to develop new modules.
• Better Market Environment Modeling: We build a trading simulator that replicates live stock market and provides backtesting support that incorporates important market frictions such as transaction cost, market liquidity and the investor’s degree of risk-aversion. All of those are crucial among key determinants of net returns.

Implemented Algorithms

Our Medium Blog

Installation:

Clone this repository

git clone https://github.com/AI4Finance-LLC/FinRL-Library.git

Install the unstable development version of FinRL:

pip install git+https://github.com/AI4Finance-LLC/FinRL-Library.git

Prerequisites

For OpenAI Baselines, you'll need system packages CMake, OpenMPI and zlib. Those can be installed as follows

Ubuntu

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cmake libopenmpi-dev python3-dev zlib1g-dev libgl1-mesa-glx

Mac OS X

Installation of system packages on Mac requires Homebrew. With Homebrew installed, run the following:

brew install cmake openmpi

Windows 10

To install stable-baselines on Windows, please look at the documentation.

Create and Activate Virtual Environment (Optional but highly recommended)

cd into this repository

cd FinRL-Library

Under folder /FinRL-Library, create a virtual environment

pip install virtualenv

Virtualenvs are essentially folders that have copies of python executable and all python packages.

Virtualenvs can also avoid packages conflicts.

Create a virtualenv venv under folder /FinRL-Library

virtualenv -p python3 venv

To activate a virtualenv:

source venv/bin/activate

Dependencies

The script has been tested running under Python >= 3.6.0, with the folowing packages installed:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Questions

About Tensorflow 2.0: https://github.com/hill-a/stable-baselines/issues/366

If you have questions regarding TensorFlow, note that tensorflow 2.0 is not compatible now, you may use

pip install tensorflow==1.15.4

If you have questions regarding Stable-baselines package, please refer to Stable-baselines installation guide. Install the Stable Baselines package using pip:

pip install stable-baselines[mpi]

This includes an optional dependency on MPI, enabling algorithms DDPG, GAIL, PPO1 and TRPO. If you do not need these algorithms, you can install without MPI:

pip install stable-baselines

Please read the documentation for more details and alternatives (from source, using docker).

Run

python main.py --mode=train

Backtesting

Use Quantopian's pyfolio package to do the backtesting.

Status

Data

The stock data we use is pulled from Yahoo Finance API

Performance

Contributions

• FinRL is an open source library specifically designed and implemented for quantitativefinance. Trading environments incorporating market frictions are used and provided.
• Trading tasks accompanied by hands-on tutorials with built-in DRL agents are available in a beginner-friendly and reproducible fashion using Jupyter notebook. Customization of trading time steps is feasible.
• FinRL has good scalability, with a broad range of fine-tuned state-of-the-art DRL algorithms. Adjusting the implementations to the rapid changing stock market is well supported.
• Typical use cases are selected and used to establish a benchmark for the quantitative finance community. Standard backtesting and evaluation metrics are also provided for easy and effective performance evaluation.

Citing FinRL

@article{finrl2020,
    author  = {Liu, Xiao-Yang and Yang, Hongyang and Chen, Qian and Zhang, Runjia and Yang, Liuqing and Xiao, Bowen and Wang, Christina Dan},
    journal = {Deep RL Workshop, NeurIPS 2020},
    title   = {{FinRL: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Library forAutomated Stock Trading in Quantitative Finance}},
    url     = {},
    year    = {2020}
}